Blo'Norton Fen | |
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Background | |
In 1997 village residents leased Blo'Norton Fen from the village 'poor's trust', the Blo'Norton Fuel Allotment Charity, and started to restore its interest for fenland wildlife. In 2003 the 'Blo'Norton Fen Conservation Group' merged with the Little Ouse Headwaters Project which continues to lease and manage the fen. Because the land was waterlogged and of little use for agriculture, it
was set aside as an area where the poor of the parish could obtain fuel,
at a time when much common land was being enclosed and taken into private
ownership. This is clearly shown on enclosure maps drawn in the 1830s.
Originally peat would have been dug from the fen, and it is still possible
to see the patterns of the peat diggings in the surface of the ground.
Later, as trees began to colonise the area, wood would have been cut in
the winter months, creating coppiced trees which can still be seen in
some parts of the fen. In the past reed and sedge have also been cut for
thatching and animal bedding, and cattle have been grazed along the drier
margin next to the road. |
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Conservation | |
The fen is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and forms part of the Waveney and Little Ouse Valley Fens Special Area of Conservation (SAC), which means that the fen habitats in this area are considered to be internationally important. Little Fen is designated as a County Wildlife Site, indicating that it is locally important. The main conservation interest of the fen lies in the open areas supporting saw sedge and other wetland plant species. Historically this plant community (and its associated insects, birds, amphibians and reptiles) would have been maintained by regular mowing, with grazing along the drier fen edges. However, in recent times, as a result of a lowering of the water levels, a succession of very dry years, and a lack of any regular management, much of this open fen community had been lost as trees and scrub invaded, shading out the characteristic fen vegetation. Since 1998 we have been working to reverse this process, by clearing areas of alder and willow, and instigating a programme of regular summer mowing of both the remaining and newly created open areas. Different stands of fen vegetation are cut each year, on a four year rotation. This means that there is always a mixture stands of different ages, benefitting different sets of species. The cut material is stacked in the woods at the edge of the fen to rot-down. These piles are home to slow worms, grass snakes and many beetles, including some very localised species of ground beetles. Since this management started a significant area of fen has been opened up, and there has been rapid recovery of the vegetation, helped by an improvement in the water table. Future management plans include continuation of the mowing regime and excavation of new turf ponds to attract more aquatic species, including amphibians and dragonflies. Much of this work is carried out by volunteers, although funding from English Nature allows some of it to be done by contractors. |
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Special Features | |
Water shrews: are semi-aquatic and live in burrows close to water in reedbeds, rivers banks and around ponds and ditches. This is the largest British shrew and has short dense fur that is black on the back but greyish white underside. It feeds on invertebrates including freshwater shrimps and caddis larvae caught underwater, as well as many terrestrial invertebrates such as earthworms, snails and beetles. Protected under Schedule 6 of the Wildlife and the Countryside Act, they are vulnerable to pollutants and pesticides, as well as to loss of wetlands. Black bog rush: this handsome, black-flowered sedge is characteristic of peaty soils fed by base-rich water. These habitats are rare on a European scale and are one of the features for which Blo'Norton Fen is designated as a Special Area of Conservation. Bog pimpernel Anagallis tenella: despite its name, this tiny, delicate, tiny flower occurs mostly on bare peat and moss carpets in calcareous fens. In lowland England it has declined substantially as a result of drainage, eutrophication and agricultural 'improvement'. Great Fen sedge:more popularly know as Saw Sedge because of the saw-like serrations on its leaf edges, dense beds this large, very localised sedge were formerly harvested to provide material for thatching roof ridges. The flexible, strong leaves are more suitable for this purpose than the more brittle common reed which was used for thatching the roof slopes. Sedge swamps dominated by this species are rare in Europe and are another feature for which this fen received its international designation. | |
Access | |
There is a circular walk around the fen that can be accessed from two
points along Fen Road in Blo' Norton, or by crossing the river from Thelnetham
Fen. The permissive paths around the fen have been improved
by the building of a boardwalk over the wettest parts of the existing
path and strengthening of much of the remainder with a ridgid plastic mesh. In summer 2005, a new footbridge was built across the river with the help of Norfolk County Council. This leads to Thelnetham Fen (managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust) and the LOHP's Hinderclay Fen. The Angles Way long distance path can also be joined as it passes through these two sites. |
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